Introduction to Bagan: Myanmar’s Ancient City
Bagan is an ancient city in the Mandalay region of Myanmar, formerly known as Burma. Located near Irrawaddy River, it was the capital of the Pagan Kingdom from the ninth century to the 13th century and is home to some of the most beautiful and historically significant pagodas in the world.
Visiting Bagan means you can explore more than 2,200 pagodas, explore vibrant markets, and get a glimpse into the lives of Myanmar’s people. The pagodas are often referred to as “Gems of the East” and facing them during sunrise and sunset is one of the most romantic and magical experiences one can have. For these reasons, tourists come from all over the world to explore the ancient city of Bagan.
Introduction to Bagan
Situated in the Mandalay region of Myanmar, the ancient city of Bagan is truly a sight to behold. Long ago, this sacred land served as the capital of the Kingdom of Pagan between the ninth and thirteenth centuries AD. During this time, thousands of Buddhist stupas, temples and monasteries were built in this area, creating the iconic skyline of Bagan still seen today.
Today, visitors from all over the world come to marvel at this ancient city and its many pagodas. But the city of Bagan isn’t just about its stunning views – it’s an archaeological treasure trove and spiritual symbol for Myanmar’s inhabitants. A trip to Bagan will take visitors on a journey into the past to explore its rich history, architecture, and the various religions that influenced it.
History of Bagan
The origins of Bagan trace back to 849 when King Anawrahta established the city as the capital of the powerful Pagan Kingdom. Over the following two centuries, King Anawrahta’s successors continued to build and promote Theravada Buddhism in the area, resulting in the construction of more than 10,000 Buddhist temples, stupas and monasteries around Bagan.
This golden period of construction was mainly attributed to King Narapatisithu, who was in power from 1174 to 1211 AD. He had an enduring passion for the promotion of Buddhism and oversaw the construction of more than 700 temples during his reign. It was also during this era that Bagan officially became known as the City of 4 Million Pagodas.
The Pagan Kingdom endured until 1287 when Kublai Khan’s forces invaded the city and ended the dynasty. Although the Kingdom of Pagan was no more, the architectural legacy it left behind still stands in Bagan today. In addition to the many religious monuments, the city itself, and its surrounding wall, is also dotted with many historical palaces, libraries and other buildings.
Famous Pagoda Sites
Bagan is home to a variety of pagoda sites that are believed to have been built during the 11th-13th centuries. These pagodas are an important part of Myanmar’s cultural heritage and are popular tourist attractions. Here, we will explore some of the most well-known pagodas in Bagan.
Ananda Temple
The Ananda Temple is one of the most famous pagodas in Bagan. This temple was built in 1090 and is considered by many to be the finest, largest and best preserved of all Bagan’s temples. It features four impressive standing Buddha images, each facing a cardinal direction, and a large central chamber adorned with beautiful frescoes. The interior of the temple also contains a wealth of detailed stucco reliefs.
Shwesandaw Pagoda
The Shwesandaw Pagoda is another well-known pagoda located in Bagan. This pagoda has five terraces and was originally built by King Anawratha in the 11th century. It is said to contain sacred hairs of the Gautama Buddha, which were enshrined here by the Mon people who originally inhabited this region. Visitors can take the stairway up the side of the pagoda to get a stunning view of the surrounding plain.
Sulamani Guphaya
Sulamani Guphaya is a 12th century temple with two stories and a tall spire. This temple is widely recognized for its intricate carvings depicting scenes from the Jataka tales. Inside, visitors can find richly decorated frescoes and paintings that tell the story of the life of the Buddha.
Dhammayazaka Pagoda
The Dhammayazaka Pagoda is a small yet elegant pagoda located atop a hill. It is said to have been built in the 12th century as a commemorative monument to King Narapatisithu. The temple consists of several platforms and is decorated with beautiful terraces and ornate architecture. There is also a Buddha image inside the temple which overlooks the beautiful valley below.
Shwegu Gyi Pagoda
The Shwegu Gyi Pagoda is another important temple to visit in Bagan. This pagoda is built in the style of the early Mon temples and dates back to the 9th century. There is a large seated Buddha image inside the temple and the walls are adorned with glazed tiles depicting the Life of the Buddha. This pagoda is an excellent example of the Mon influence in the architecture of the area.
These are just some of the many pagoda sites to explore in Bagan. Each one is unique in its own way and offers a glimpse into Myanmar’s history and culture. Visiting these pagodas is sure to be a memorable experience.
Exploring Bagan – Transport Options
Bagan, the ancient city in Myanmar, is a place of wonder and beauty. To truly experience all the sights and sounds of this ancient city, you need to get around and explore. Luckily, there are several transport options available for visitors to choose from.
Rent bicycles
If you want to take in the sights at your own pace and really soak up the atmosphere of Bagan, then renting a bicycle is a great option. Bikes can be hired from most hotels and guesthouses in the city and cost around $5 per day. Make sure to wear protective gear like a helmet to stay safe while cycling.
Taxi
Taxis can also be found in the city and are a convenient way to get around Bagan. Depending on the distance traveled around the city limits, the cost of hiring a taxi can range from $5 to $10. Taxis are generally available from early morning until late night.
Hire a driver
For those who want to visit a few pagodas outside Bagan, it’s best to hire a driver with a car for the day. The cost varies depending on the distance traveled but it usually ranges from $50 to $80 for a full day. Your hotel or guesthouse will be able to help arrange for a driver.
Eating and Sleeping in Bagan
Are you ready to explore the wonders of Bagan? Then you’re going to need some nourishment before you can get started. Luckily, there are plenty of eating and sleeping options to choose from in this ancient city.
Where to Eat in Bagan
Bagan is known for its delicious variety of local Burmese cuisine. From traditional curries to noodles, there is something for everyone. For a unique experience, make sure to try out the food stands located in Nyaung U market. Here you will find local dishes served up fresh with a side of friendly locals.
If you are looking for something a bit more western, there are a few restaurants in the area that cater to international visitors. The Phe Thitsar restaurant in Old Bagan is a great spot to dine on a tasty mix of Asian and European eateries.
Where to Sleep in Bagan
Accommodation in Bagan ranges from luxury hotels to simple guest houses. For an authentic experience, consider spending the night at a monastic retreat or temple lodging. You can also stay in local villages or nearby towns.
In New Bagan, you’ll find more modern lodgings like hotels and hostels. The Ananda Temple View Hotel is a popular choice, as it provides easy access to many of the city’s attractions. You can also check out budget-friendly hostels like the Ostello Bello.
No matter what your budget, there is something in Bagan for you. So take a moment to relax and enjoy the local cuisine before heading out to explore!
Exploring Beyond Bagan
Exploring Myanmar’s ancient city of Bagan is an amazing experience, but there are plenty of other wonderful spots to explore just outside the city. One of the most popular nearby spots is Mount Popa. Located around 50 kilometers away from Bagan, it towers at 1,518 meters above sea level.
Mount Popa boasts amazing views, fantastic hiking paths, and a wild variety of flora and fauna. There are also countless temples scattered around the mountain, making the journey even more special. Before you head to Mount Popa, make sure to bring sunscreen, water, and comfortable shoes.
Discovering the hidden gems of Myanmar is an unforgettable experience. From exploring the golden pagodas of Bagan to climbing the majestic Mount Popa, it’s a trip that will stay with you forever. Whether you’re just visiting for a few days or planning an extended stay, don’t miss the chance to explore all the wonders of the country!
Shopping and Souvenirs in Bagan
When visiting Bagan, you won’t want to forget to grab some souvenirs to take home. There are lots of great local shops and markets around the city where you can pick up some unique items or traditional arts and crafts.
For anyone looking for a bargain, the Nyaung-U Market is one of the best places in town. It is a lively marketplace full of stalls selling everything from clothes and jewelry to artwork and souvenirs. Most of the vendors in the market accept haggling, though don’t expect prices to be too low.
For more high-end souvenirs, there are plenty of boutiques and gift shops around the city that offer handcrafted items such as jewelry, carvings, sculptures, paintings, and textiles. These tend to be more expensive than the items found in the markets, but they make for great presents and keepsakes.
Another popular option is to buy lacquerware, which is a craft unique to Myanmar. This type of art is created by making intricate designs on a wooden base and then applying multiple layers of paint and varnish to give it a beautiful glossy finish.
One of the best places to buy souvenirs in Bagan is the Shwezigon Pagoda. There you’ll find lots of vendors selling traditional items such as lacquerware, textiles, jewelry, and sculptures. It’s a great place to shop and explore the local culture.
Finally, if you’re looking for something truly unique, you may want to check out the local antique shops. Here you can find old coins, ceramics, and statues that date back to ancient times. Just remember to haggle for the best price.
Staying Safe in Bagan
Bagan is a welcoming and safe city. However, there are some basic safety measures that should be taken to ensure that your visit is as enjoyable and comfortable as possible. Here are some tips to stay safe while in Bagan:
- Be aware of your surroundings at all times and avoid walking alone at night.
- Do not leave your belongings unattended as theft can occur. Also, do not accept any packages or gifts from strangers.
- Be cautious when using taxis, make sure to familiarize yourself with the price beforehand and carry small bills.
- Use common sense and be aware of your own limits, especially during the hot months! Stay hydrated throughout the day and wear sunscreen.
- Keep your passport on you at all times and make copies of important documents.
Most importantly, remember to have a good time and be respectful of the local community. Bagan is a beautiful place full of amazing places to explore, and you can greatly enhance your trip by following these simple safety tips.
FAQ Section: Commonly Asked Questions About Visiting Bagan
Are there travel restrictions to visit Bagan?
At the time of writing, there are no travel restrictions for foreigners entering Myanmar (except for certain areas in the North). However, visitors must obtain a visa before arriving. The easiest way to get a visa is through an e-visa, which can be obtained online.
How much time should I spend in Bagan?
The amount of time you spend in Bagan is up to you. However, it is recommended that visitors spend at least 3 days in the city to be able to explore all the main sights.
Is accommodation expensive in Bagan?
Accommodation in Bagan varies in price. There are plenty of budget-friendly hostels and guesthouses to stay in but there are also more luxurious options available, such as resorts and boutique hotels.
Are there organized tours available in Bagan?
Yes, there are many organized tours available in Bagan. Tour companies offer everything from full-day trips to multiple-day excursions. It’s best to book these tours in advance to avoid disappointment.
What is the best way to get around Bagan?
The best way to get around Bagan is by bike or car. You can rent bicycles for a cheap price and explore the city at your own pace. Alternatively, you can hire a driver to take you around the city.
Visiting the ancient city of Bagan in Myanmar is sure to be an unforgettable experience. There are many breathtaking pagodas that have stood for centuries, and they provide a glimpse into the country’s cultural heritage. Whether you’re visiting for one day or a few weeks, there are lots of things to explore in and around the city.
To ensure your trip runs as smoothly as possible, it is important to plan ahead. Make sure to research the different pagodas and their opening times before starting your visit. It is also helpful to find out more about the available transportation options, where to eat and sleep, and how to stay safe during your stay.
The ancient city of Bagan is sure to leave a lasting impression on all who visit. Be sure to take some time to explore the city and its many wonders, and remember to take pictures to mark the occasion. You certainly won’t regret taking the time to discover this ancient city and its many secrets.
Credit Photos
In the creation of this guide, we at BaganExplorer relied on various photography sources. We want to thank those sources for their amazing work and make sure to link back to them.
In particular, we relied heavily on images from Unsplash, as well as other sites, including Flickr and Shutterstock. All of these sites are great resources for finding unique and stunning photos.
If you take your own photos while exploring Bagan, we highly recommend that you share them online. This will help others to get a better sense of the majesty and beauty of this ancient city.
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